LONDON—International governments and companies have pledged more than $4 billion to educate 175 million children around the world and prevent a generation’s chances being blighted by the coronavirus pandemic. The commitments came Thursday at a conference in London hosted by Britain, Kenya, and funding organization the Global Partnership for Education. Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, who chairs the partnership, said the donations put it on track to meet its goal of raising $5 billion over the next five years, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who addressed the conference alongside Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, has made girls’ education a flagship project of his Conservative government, and is pushing to get 40 million more girls in school around the world by 2026. He told conference delegates that education was “the silver bullet … that can solve virtually every problem that afflicts humanity.” Britain has pledged £430 million ($600 million) to the …