U.S. stocks climbed on Friday and the main indexes were set for weekly gains after Goldman Sachs capped a strong earnings season for big banks, while a surprise rise in retail sales raised optimism about economic recovery. Goldman Sachs gained 2.7 percent as a record wave of dealmaking activity drove a surge in the bank’s quarterly profit. Other big lenders, including JPMorgan, Morgan Stanley, and Wells Fargo, rose between 0.9 percent and 6.9 percent. The banking index added 1.6 percent, tracking a rise in 10-year Treasury yields. Eight of the 11 major S&P sectors advanced. Financials and consumer discretionary added more than 1 percent to scale new peaks. The small-cap Russell 2000 index added 0.7 percent and was set for its best week since late August. Strong results from big financial institutions have taken focus away from concerns about U.S. debt default, surging commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, which …