LONDON—Consumer prices in the United Kingdom are rising at their highest rate in over a decade as a result of soaring energy costs and blockages in the supply chain, official figures showed Wednesday, a day before a highly anticipated interest rate decision from the Bank of England. The Office for National Statistics found that inflation rose by 5.1 percent in the year to November, up dramatically from October’s 4.2 percent with widespread surging prices across a raft of goods and services, including for fuel, energy, cars, clothing, and food. The increase was more than the 4.8 percent consensus of economists’ forecasts and takes inflation to its highest level since September 2011. Around the world, countries are recording multiyear high levels of inflation. The United States saw its inflation rate spike to 6.8 percent in the year to November, the highest level in nearly 40 years. In the 19 countries that …