Piazza del Duomo, Pisa (translated as Pisa Cathedral Square) was conceived in a time when Pisa held a dominant maritime position in the Mediterranean, boasting thriving trade and the largest navy in the sea. The piazza, or square, reflects the city’s flourishing wealth. The four monuments—the cathedral, the baptistery, the campanile (bell tower), and the Camposanto Monumentale (monumental cemetery)—are made from white marble and provide a striking contrast to the sea of rich green grass surrounding them.  Many prominent cathedrals in Italy face a public square where neighboring buildings lie close by on three sides. The Piazza del Duomo instead presents these monuments in a broad, open space. They are on show, like fine sculptures in a sculpture garden of a museum.  One generally approaches and enters the piazza on foot and moves about the space on the defined paths, viewing the buildings from a distance. This spatial expanse and …