JERUSALEM—Benjamin Netanyahu’s 12-year run as Israel’s prime minister ended on June 13 with parliament approving a new “government of change” led by Naftali Bennett. Heading into opposition, Netanyahu, 71, the most dominant Israeli politician of his generation, pledged he would soon return to power. In a raucous session in which Netanyahu’s supporters shouted “shame” and “liar” at Bennett, 49, parliament voted confidence in his new administration by a razor-thin 60–59 majority. His alliance includes for the first time in Israel’s history a party that represents its 21 percent Arab minority. Israel’s longest-serving leader, Netanyahu was prime minister since 2009, after a first term from 1996 to 1999. But he was weakened by his repeated failure to clinch victory in the polls since 2019 and by an ongoing corruption trial, in which he has denied any wrongdoing. Under a coalition deal, Bennett will be replaced as prime minister by Yair Lapid, …