TOKYO—Japan’s factory output likely fell again in August as the country’s manufacturing sector faced supply chain disruptions driven by a global chip shortage and the spread of the Delta coronavirus variant in Southeast Asia. Retail sales also likely eased in August after a sharp rise in July, according to the poll, underscoring the fragility of domestic consumption and shattering policymakers’ hopes that Japan’s export-based recovery from the coronavirus pandemic would become more broad-based. Separate data is expected to show Japan’s jobless rate inched up in August and job availability eased a tad, also boding ill for consumer spending, which makes up over half of the world’s third-largest economy. The batch of weak data underscores the challenge the new leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), and hence the new prime minister, will face as he or she seeks to battle COVID-19 while keeping the economy afloat. Data from the …