BRUSSELS—The European Commission proposed on Wednesday three new EU-wide taxes to help to repay the joint government borrowing in the 27-nation bloc for their 800 billion euro ($904 billion) COVID-19 recovery fund. The first measure will introduce a levy on CO2 emitted by fuels for buildings and cars under a new carbon market, while using the EU’s existing carbon trading system to impose CO2 costs on ships and increase existing payments from airlines. A quarter of such CO2 revenues, which currently largely go to governments, would in future go to the EU budget, providing 12 billion euros annually on average from 2026 to 2030, according to the Commission’s proposal. The second would impose carbon costs on imports of goods from countries with weaker CO2 emissions standards, with three quarters of those proceeds going to the EU budget, providing 1 billion euros per year on average over 2026–2030. The third tax …