Beijing’s refusal to abide by the letter and spirit of its World Trade Organization (WTO) membership in the two decades since its admission to that body call for a shift in strategy on the part of countries that respect and seek to enforce the rules, experts said. China first joined the WTO on Dec. 11, 2001, and the twentieth anniversary of its membership has inspired numerous reflections on this milestone as well as complaints and protests by other member nations objecting to Beijing’s continuing reliance on heavy-handed and non-market-oriented trade and labor practices, from massive agricultural subsidies to forced labor. A Pattern of Ongoing Violations For many observers, Beijing is guilty not just of incidental violations of the terms of its membership but of a general approach to trade and labor that is antithetical to the WTO’s rules and founding principles. “When China joined the WTO, it agreed to join …