BEIJING—China’s cyberspace administration on Friday said it would remove 25 mobile apps operated by Didi Global Inc. from app stores as the government stepped an effort to clamp down on the ride-hailing giant. The apps in question used data that was illegally collected by Didi, including those for its delivery service, camera devices, and finance services, the Cyberspace Administration of China said in a statement. Last week, just days after Didi’s $4.4 billion listing on the New York Stock Exchange, the cyberspace regulator ordered app stores to remove Didi’s main ride-hailing app. It also told Didi to stop registering new users as it launched a probe into the company, citing national security and the public interest. Didi shares trimmed gains to around 4 percent after the latest announcement on Friday, having earlier been trading up more than 9 percent. The company lost about $21.5 billion in market value in three …