In this series, we’ve focused on Gustav Doré’s illustrations for John Milton’s 17th-century epic poem “Paradise Lost.” So far, we’ve covered Satan and the rebel angels being expelled from heaven for waging war against God. We also covered Satan rallying his troops and becoming the king of hell. In this article, we ask: Why does…

After Satan is cast out from heaven for competing with God, Satan and his army of rebel angels find themselves suffering in Hell. It’s not long, however, before Satan—despite the inevitability of losing to God—attempts to rally his troops to continue their battle against God and the heavenly angels. “Forthwith upright he rears from off…