COPENHAGEN, Denmark—Swedish lawmakers will vote next week on whether Magdalena Andersson, who briefly became the country’s first female prime minister before resigning after a budget defeat, can form a minority government, the parliament speaker said Thursday. Andersson served as prime minister for seven hours before stepping down Wednesday after the Greens left her two-party coalition. Their move followed the rejection of her government’s budget proposal—in favor of one presented by opposition parties including the right-wing populist Sweden Democrats. Andersson, leader of the Social Democratic Party, decided then that it was best to step down from the post. She informed Parliament Speaker Andreas Norlen that she was still interested in leading a Social Democratic single-party government. He was expected to formally nominate Andersson again later Thursday and a vote in the 349-seat Riksdag was set for Monday. Norlen who oversees the government-building process, said Thursday that he “deeply regrets the course …