BRUSSELS—Euro zone producer prices jumped in September more than expected, driven by skyrocketing energy costs, recording their highest increase on record in a new sign of strong inflationary pressures in the bloc, public data showed on Thursday. The European Union’s statistics office Eurostat estimated that prices at factory gates in the 19 countries sharing the euro rose 2.7 percent month-on-month in September for a 16.0 percent year-on-year jump, in the biggest increases ever recorded for the bloc. The jump also exceeded expectations, as economists polled by Reuters had forecast a 2.2 percent monthly rise and a 15.2 percent surge on the year. Producers’ prices rose sharply amid a fast economic recovery after the most acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, a tightening of global supply chains, and a jump in gas prices. Energy prices rose 7.7 percent month-on-month for a 40.7 percent year-on-year surge, accelerating their increase. However, total industry …