UEDEM, Germany—Germany opened a new Space Command on Tuesday, following the lead of other Western countries amid growing concerns over Russian and Chinese military advances in outer space and a surge in satellite launches. In the last two years, the United States, France, and Britain have all established space commands—military bodies with responsibility for space operations—to address what they see as a threat from Russia and China at a time when relations between the West and Moscow are at a post-Cold War low. Military sources see Russia and China as capable of waging a war in space and damaging even very advanced adversaries badly, putting them on par with the West in space. At its summit in June, NATO warned it was ready to retaliate militarily if attacked in or from space, after designating space as the fifth domain of operations in 2019, alongside land, sea, air, and cyberspace. “Space …