BENGALURU—India’s Tata Motors posted a surprise quarterly loss and took a $2.05 billion charge at the luxury Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) unit, warning that a global chip crunch and surging COVID-19 cases in the country would hurt its business. Like other carmakers in India, Tata Motors was navigating the pandemic’s impact on sales when a global chip shortfall piled on more pressure, forcing it to suspend operations at two JLR car factories in April. The disruptions have become more difficult to mitigate and are now impacting production plans for the first quarter, Tata Motors said on Tuesday. The COVID-19 crisis has driven a shift to remote work and learning, boosting demand for laptops and other gadgets that use semiconductors. The resulting shortage has forced automakers including General Motors and Ford to flag production cuts. Tata Motors incurred a charge of 149.94 billion rupees ($2.05 billion) related to asset write-downs and restructuring …