Commentary
The time was 49 BC. The players were Julius Caesar and the members of Rome’s Senate. Caesar had shown himself to be one of the most gifted generals in Rome’s history: In a remarkable series of campaigns starting in 58 BC and conducted over approximately eight years, Caesar turned Gaul from a hostile territory into a pacified Roman province.
Caesar’s goal was to become ruler of Rome. He was popular with the common people and often championed their interests against Rome’s powerful elites. The elites had enriched themselves by corrupting public officials to accumulate vast tracts of land at the expense of those less powerful. As a result of his military success, widespread popularity, and populist policies, it’s no surprise that the elite interests in the Senate vehemently opposed Caesar. In 49 BC the senate made its move: It ordered him to disband his army….